1. Auxiliary
verbs: short answers
PEG 108
(a)
Affirmative
|
(b)
Negative
|
A: Were
you here yesterday?
B: Yes, I was.
A: Did
Ann meet Jack?
B: Yes, she did.
|
A: Were
you here yesterday?
B: No, I wasn't.
A: Did
Ann meet Jack?
B: No, she didn't.
|
For
convenience, treat you as singular, e.g.
A: Are you
ready?
B: Yes, I am.
But you and
Tom or you both must of course be answered with we, e.g.
A: Are you
and Tom ready?
B: Yes, we are.
1.
Are
you both going away next weekend?
2.
Did
you go away last weekend?
3.
Can
Tom drive a car?
4.
Has
he got a licence?
5.
Will
Ann be here tomorrow?
6.
Could
you wait half an hour?
7.
Were
they late?
8.
Did
Bill get a lift?
9.
Would
he like to work abroad?
10.Must you go? (For negative answer use needn't.)
11.Is he getting on well?
12.Were they waiting for the bus?
13.Had they missed their usual bus?
14.Is he over twenty-one?
15.Does he usually go by air?
16.Have you ever fallen off a horse?
17.Was he injured in the accident?
18.Did he blame the other driver?
19.Will she be back by four?
20.Need you tell him? (For affirmative answer use must.)
Answer the following questions in a written
form
1.
Can you swim?
2.
Would £10 be enough?
3.
Can you cook?
4.
Is your name Pitt?
5.
Do you play cards?
|
6. Have you any money?
7. Are you free this evening?
8. Would you like to see him?
9. May I borrow your car?
10. Are you Tom's brother? |
2. Auxiliary verbs: short answers
PEG 108
Assume that
questions are addressed to you and Tom.
(a)
Affirmative and Negative
|
(b)
Negative and Affirmative
|
A: Can
you both swim?
B: I can but Tom can't.
A: Were
you both there?
B: I was but Tom wasn't.
|
A: Can
you both swim?
B: I can't but Tom can..
A: Were
you both there?
B:I wasn't but Tom was.
|
1.
Have
you both got tickets?
2.
Did
you both see the play?
3.
Do
you both like Swedish films?
4.
Are
you both over twenty-one?
5.
Have
you both got driving licences?
6.
Are
you both learning to fly?
7.
Will
you both be here tomorrow?
8.
Were
you both surprised?
9.
Will
you both like it?
10.Must you both go? (Use needn't
for negative.)
11.Can you both see well?
12.Do you both belong to a club?
13.Are you doing anything tonight?
14.Need you practise tonight? (Use must
in the affirmative.)
15.Could you both work late tonight?
16.Should you have been on the plane?
17.Had you spoken to him before?
18.Would you mind if the trip was cancelled?
19.Are you both studying English?
20.Have you both got plenty of money?
Answer the following questions addressed to you
and your friend in a written form
1. Can you both play tennis?
2. Would you tell him the truth?
3. Could you both join the club?
4. Are you both learning German?
5. Were you both interested in this business?
6. Have you both done it already?
7. Are you both ready?
8. Do you both smoke?
9. Are
you both going to Spain next year?
10.Will you both be there in two days?
3. Auxiliary verbs: negative additions to
negative statements
PEG 112D
A: Jack couldn't understand it. (Tom)
(a) B: Neither could Tom.
or
(b) B: Jack couldn't understand and neither could
Tom. (Both subjects stressed.)
A: He can't cook. (she)
(a) B: Neither can she.
or
(b) B: He can't cook and neither can she. (Both subjects stressed.)
Alternatively
the same subject could be used in all the answers, e.g.
Neither could Tom / Neither can Tom / Neither
must Tom
or:
Neither could I / Neither can I etc.
nor could be used instead of neither.
1.
Peter
hasn't time to study. (Bill)
2.
George
mustn't be late. (Arthur)
3.
Paul
didn't get any sleep. (his mother)
4.
Ann
doesn't smoke. (I)
5.
Nancy
wouldn't come. (her husband)
6.
Paul
doesn't believe you. (James)
7.
Bill
hasn't been waiting long. (Bob)
8.
Andrew
wasn't drunk. (Peter)
9.
They
don't know the way. (I)
10.Ann won't write letters. (Lucy)
11.She isn't going anywhere. (I)
12.Charles wasn't making a noise.
(Jack)
13.Peter shouldn't have complained.
(Paul)
14.He won't be ready by six. (she)
15.Peter hadn't done his homework. (his
sister)
16.The Smiths aren't rich. (the
Joneses)
17.He can't explain it. (anyone else)
18.Peter hasn't started work yet.
(Harold)
19.Ann couldn't lift it. (Alice)
20.Jack hadn't been paid. (Peter)
Add to
the following remarks using (and) neither/nor +
the auxiliary + the noun/pronoun in brackets
in a written form
1. I
haven't seen it. (Tom)
2. You shouldn't be watching TV.
(Tom)
3. You mustn't be late. (1)
4. He can't come. (his sister)
|
5. This telephone doesn't work.
(that)
6. Tom's car won't start. (mine)
7. I hadn't any change. (the taxi driver)
8. He didn't know the way. (anyone
else)
|
4. Auxiliary
verbs: affirmative additions to affirmative statements
PEG 112A
A: Tom is
going by taxi. (Bill)
B: And so is Bill.
or
B: Tom is going by taxi and so is Bill.
(Both subjects stressed.)
A: She works
in a laundry. (he)
B: And so does he.
or
B: She works in a laundry and so does he.
(Both subjects stressed.)
Alternatively
the same second subject could be used in all the answers, e.g.
So is Tom / So does Tom / So will Tom etc.
or: So am I / So do I / So will I etc.
1.
They
had cornflakes for breakfast. (I)
2.
George
has lunch in the canteen. (Gerald)
3.
John
has a hangover this morning. (Alan)
4.
Jack
should have thanked her. (we)
5.
Ann
got a parking ticket. (Alice)
6.
Mary's
taking photographs. (Michael)
7.
She
develops her own films. (he)
8.
Paul
thought it was too much. (I)
9.
Brian
should go to bed earlier. (Jane)
10.Philip will have to take lessons.
(Pat)
11.They missed the programme. (we)
12.James had better change his shoes.
(Mark)
13.They're looking for a flat. (we)
14.Rupert made six mistakes. (you)
15.Jack must go. (his wife)
16.Hugh liked the Albert Hall. (Mary)
17.Emily offered to help. (Jean)
18.Bill should take a holiday. (Peter)
19.Richard has just got home. (Philip)
20.I'm tired of this. (we all)
Add to the following remarks using
(and) so + the noun/pronoun in brackets + the
auxiliary in a written form
1. I have read
it. (John)
2. He is a writer,
(she)
3. Tom can speak Welsh, (his wife)
4. She ought to get up. (you)
5. I should be wearing a seat
belt. (you)
|
6. John will be there. (Tom)
7. The first bus was full. (the second)
8. I bought a ticket, (my brother)
9. You must come. (your son)
10.This bus goes to Piccadilly. (that)
|
5. Auxiliary verbs: affirmative additions to negative
statements
PEG 112B
A: His
mother didn't come to the wedding. (his father)
B: His mother didn't come to the wedding but
his father did.
(Both
subjects are normally stressed.)
1.
Mary
doesn't like the flat. (Tom)
2.
George
isn't ready. (Peter)
3.
Peter
wouldn't wait for you. (George)
4.
Mr
Jones hadn't arrived. (his wife)
5.
She
won't sign the protest. (her sister)
6.
Bill
didn't wave. (Bob)
7.
Mr
Jones hasn't got a driving licence. (Mrs Jones)
8.
You
needn't attend the meeting. (your friend) (Use must.)
9.
You
couldn't do it in one day. (I)
10.They weren't in any danger. (we)
11.He hadn't promised to help. (I)
12.She wouldn't like to see it. (I)
13.Ann can't read without glasses. (I)
14.They haven't got colour television.
(we)
15.Bob doesn't like thrillers.
(Michael)
16.The children shouldn't get up early.
(their mother)
17.He hadn't noticed the mistake. (she)
18.Peter wouldn't do it for nothing.
(Andrew)
19.Mary didn't buy an evening paper.
(Alice)
20.The bus driver wasn't in the bus.
(conductor)
Add to the following remarks using but + noun/pronoun +
the auxiliary or do/does/did
in a written form
1. John was seasick. (Mary)
2. He wasn't there,
(she)
3. You must go. (your brother)
4. My sister can speak German. (I)
5. Alexander didn't want to wait. (James)
6. Bill needn't stay. (Stanley)
7. A cat wouldn't eat it. (a dog)
8. He will enjoy it. (his wife)
9. I haven't got a computer, (my neighbour)
10. This beach is safe for bathing, (that beach)
11.I must leave early, (you)
12.You don't have to pay tax. (I)
6. Auxiliary verbs: negative additions to
affirmative statements
PEG 112C
A: George
likes living alone. (Peter)
B: George likes living alone but Peter doesn't.
A: His
brother gave him a present. (his sister)
B: His sister gave him a present but his sister
didn't.
(Both
subjects are normally stressed.)
1.
Peter
took the lift up. (Paul)
2.
Peter
had an umbrella. (Paul)
3.
You
were late. (I)
4.
They
had booked seats. (we)
5.
Mary
has been waiting for ages. (you)
6.
She
passed her driving test. (I)
7.
She
was taught by a qualified instructor. (I)
8.
Peter
can stand on his head. (his brother)
9.
Mary
could wear that shade of green. (I)
10.He reads the paper from cover to
cover. (I)
11.They would be afraid to protest. (I)
12.The girls were amused. (the boys)
13.The girls laughed. (the boys)
14.He wears jeans. (she)
15.His hair is wavy. (hers)
16.His mother came to the prison to see
him. (his father)
17.Peter has been to Japan. (his
sister)
18.Bill must report to the police
station. (Bob) (Use needn't.
19.George would be horrified. (his
mother)
20.Sidney believes in ghosts. (Jack)
7. Auxiliary
verbs: short responses to affirmative statements
PEG 111
A: The
train was full.
B: Was it?
A: I went
to the cinema yesterday.
B: Did you?
These short
responses are roughly equivalent to really?
or indeed?
When said
without any special intonation, they indicate a polite lack of interest. But
they can also, when said with the appropriate intonation, express surprise,
approval, disbelief and sometimes other emotions.
1.
I
go to the cinema quite often.
2.
I
went last night.
3.
It
was a very good film.
4.
The
queues were enormous.
5.
I've
finished that book you lent me.
6.
I'd
read it before actually.
7.
I
live in a very noisy street.
8.
My
husband thinks I'm a wonderful cook.
9.
I
do my best.
10.I did everything I could.
11.I must go now.
12.Diamonds suit me.
13.It's raining.
14.I like going to the opera.
15.You've made another mistake.
16.Your dog bit me again last night.
17.I'd like to go to Morocco for my
holidays.
18.I have a very small appetite.
19.We've met before.
20.My garden was lovely last week.
8. Auxiliary verbs: short responses to negative
statements
PEG 111
A: I wasn't
late.
B: Weren't you?
A: I didn't
see him.
B: Didn't you?
These short
responses are roughly equivalent to really?
or indeed?
When said
without any special intonation, they indicate a polite lack of interest. But
they can also, when said with the appropriate intonation, express surprise,
approval, disbelief and sometimes other emotions.
1.
I
don't like your brother.
2.
I
couldn't sleep last night.
3.
I
wasn't afraid.
4.
I
can't type very well.
5.
My
wife doesn't understand me.
6.
I
didn't make a single mistake.
7.
I
haven't an enemy in the world.
8.
I
don't snore.
9.
It
can't rain like this every day.
10.I shouldn't be telling you all this.
11.I never tell lies.
12.I didn't mean to annoy you.
13.Nobody believed me! (Use they as subject.)
14.My case wasn't examined.
15.You aren't so clever as you think
you are.
16.I wouldn't like to share a flat with
you.
17.I wasn't born then.
18.They didn't treat me fairly.
19.I don't agree with you.
20.I wouldn't tell a lie even to save
my life.
9. Auxiliary
verbs: affirmative + interrogative responses
PEG 111B
A: I
borrowed your bicycle..
B: Oh, you did, did you?
This type
of response normally indicates anger. But used without oh and with a rising intonation it can indicate surprise or disbelief.
1.
I
borrowed your car yesterday.
2.
I'd
like it tomorrow too.
3.
You
can walk to work.
4.
It's
good for you to walk.
5.
Anyway
you drive too fast.
6.
You're
a danger on the roads.
7.
You'll
have an accident one day.
8.
We
were talking about your driving in the pub last night.
9.
Everyone
agreed with me. (Use they as subject.)
10.I often listen in to your telephone
calls.
11.They're sometimes very interesting.
12.I've taped some of the more
interesting ones.
13.I told the boss you were late last
Friday.
14.I always tell him when anyone is
late.
15.He expects me to spy on the staff.
16.I'm being promoted next month.
17.I'd like a diamond ring for my
birthday.
18.You could easily afford to buy me
one.
19.You are always buying things for
yourself.
20.And diamonds are quite cheap.
10. Auxiliary verbs: negative + negative
interrogative responses
PEG 111B
A: I don't
spend anything on myself.
B: Oh, you don't, don't you?
A: I didn't
mean to get you into trouble.
B: Oh, you
didn't, didn't you? (Both verbs are stressed.)
This form
is used in response to negative statements. It has the same meaning
as its
affirmative form.
1.
I
don't feel well enough to work today.
2.
I'm
not very strong.
3.
I
won't be able to help you tomorrow either.
4.
You
letters haven't been typed yet.
5.
Anyway
they aren't important.
6.
The
typist doesn't like your handwriting.
7.
And
she can't always understand your sentences.
8.
You
don't write good English.
9.
If
you left this office, it wouldn't make any difference.
10.You mustn't speak to me like that.
11.I'm not going to explain the new
system to you.
12.Because you couldn't make it work.
13.You wouldn't even understand it.
14.Your boss doesn't think much of you.
15.He never intended to employ you.
16.But he couldn't get anyone else.
17.You shouldn't use the VIP lounge.
18.I didn't tell you the whole truth
before.
19.But I wasn't really intending to
deceive you.
20.You weren't really sober enough to
take it in anyway.
No comments:
Post a Comment